HORMONES AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

The ovaries produce two hormones – estrogen and progesterone. These two hormones are controlled b^y the pituitary gland, which produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSI I) and luteinizing hormone (LII), which regulate the menstrual cycle.

During the first half of the menstrual cycle the pituitary produces FSH, which causes an egg to mature within the ovary in preparation for release. Towards the middle of the cycle, LH levels start to rise and trigger the release of the egg (this usually occurs about 14 days before the onset of menstruation). The hormone progesterone causes the uterine lining to thicken during the second half of the menstrual cycle, in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg, should fertilization take place. Whenever fertilization does not occur, the uterine lining is expelled menstrual bleeding.

When a woman’s ovaries stop responding to the effects of FSH and LH (usually between the ages of 45 and 55), she starts to produce less estrogen and progesterone; this is the of the menopause, when menstruation gradually fades out and fertility ceases.

Puberty is the major developmental stage for the reproductive s^ystems of both genders. It is at this time that hormonal changes in the body bring great physical and mental changes, maturation to the reproductive systems for their adult role. Both the male and female systems are perfectly for designed o their unique ultimate function sexual activity and reproduction.